Developed firmware on the STM32F1 using STM32CubeIDE with FreeRTOS to manage five identical accumulator segments. The firmware measures thermistor values and cell voltages using flexible PCBs attached to the segments and transmits the data over a CAN bus. The system was designed to replicate the functionality of the Orion Thermistor Expansion Module, sending CAN messages compatible with the Orion BMS 2.

Key transmitted data includes:

• Segment number
• Lowest, highest, and average cell voltages
• Lowest, highest, and average cell temperatures

Designed flexible PCBs to streamline the process of integrating thermistors and voltage taps into the accumulator segments. Each PCB includes two SMD thermistors and a voltage tap, connecting to the system via an FPC connector. This design eliminates the need for hand-soldering thermistors by wire, significantly reducing assembly time and improving reliability. The PCBs enable the STM32s to measure voltages and temperatures efficiently and transmit the data over CAN.

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